Notoungulates represent the most taxonomically diverse and temporally and geographically widespread group among South American native ungulates. Here, we analyze anatomical and systematic aspects of proximal tarsal bones recovered from the Lower and Upper Lumbrera formations (middle and late middle Eocene) in northwestern Argentina. We provide detailed descriptions, comparisons, and infer foot stances and range of movements for the taxa implicated. Material studied includes astragali belonging to the oldfieldthomasiid Colbertia lumbrerense (Lower Lumbrera Formation), a set of proximal tarsals referred as Typotheria indet. (Lower Lumbrera Formation), and tarsals (also including navicular and cuboid) of the informal taxon “Campanorco inauguralis” (Upper Lumbrera Formation). The comparison of the tarsals of Colbertia lumbrerense (middle Eocene of Argentina) with Colbertia magellanica (early Eocene of Brazil) reveals several differences including variations on the development and arrangement of articular facets, and the size of the dorsal astragalar foramen in the Argentinean species. The specimen of Typotheria indet. shows morphological affinities with basal interatheriid taxa. However, its larger size contrasting with the overall small body sizes of Eocene interatheriids precludes an indisputable taxonomic assignment. Concerning “Campanorco inauguralis”, our observations indicate that there is no morphological evidence for a close phylogenetic relationship with Mesotheriidae. It presents a “reversed alternating tarsus” condition, which is also observed in Leontiniidae, “Notohippidae”, Toxodontidae, and some typotherians. However, the spectrum of singularities exhibited by this form precludes the assessment of its relationships in the context of the Paleogene radiation of Typotheria and it is necessary to extend the comparison to Eocene notoungulates. Finally, in a morphofunctional context a plantigrade foot posture is inferred for the specimens here reported. These observations have the potential to provide functional proxies for paleoecological reconstructions to be applied to the study of the early radiation of these notoungulate faunas.

Key words: Mammalia, Notoungulata, calcaneum, astragalus, plantigrade, foot stances, Paleogene, South America.

Matías A. Armella [matiasarmella@yahoo.com.ar], Cátedra de Paleontología and Instituto de Estratigrafía y Geología Sedimentaria Global, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IESGLO-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205-T4000JFF, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán; Cátedra de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Av. Belgrano 300, K4700AAP, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina; and Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INSUGEO- CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Presidente Perón s/n, T4105XAY, Horco Molle, Tucumán. Daniel A. García-López [garcialopez.da@gmail.com] and Virginia Deraco [virginiaderaco@gmail.com], Cátedra de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205-T4000JFF, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán; and Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INSUGEO-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Presidente Perón s/n, T4105XAY, Horco Molle, Tucumán. M. Judith Babot [jubabot@gmail.com], Fundación Miguel Lillo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CIEH (UNT, Miguel Lillo 251-T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán. Claudia M. Herrera [claucordoba@hotmail.com] and Luis Saade [mochosaade33@gmail.com], Cátedra de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205-T4000JFF, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán. Sara Bertelli [sbertelli@lillo.org.ar], Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UEL-CONICET), Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251-T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.