The fauna of the Benthonic Holocene (8 species) and Recent (48 species) Foraminifera of the Southern Baltic Sea has been descrdbed, and three new species: Reophax hoeglundi, Reophax mankowskii and Elphidium kozlowskii, have been distinguished. The distribution of the Baltic Foraminifera has been investigated in correlation with the physico-chemical conditions of the environment, The methods of preparing and handling the samples and their influence on the possibilities of the preservation of the t ests of the Foraminifera lin the fossil state have been discussed.