Among the Oligocene mammal-bearing deposits of Central Asia, two are very famous: Ergilin Dzo and Shand Gol Svitas in which terrestrial predaceous mammals are represented by Creodonta and Carnivora. On the basis of isolated teeth and fragmentary jaws, five previously known species of Hyaenodon are identified: H. eminus, H. cf. gigas, H. incertus, H. mongoliensis and H. pervagus, the latter being figured for the first time. Carnivora are poorly represented with two taxa, Palaeogale sectoria and Amphicynodon teilhardi from the Shand Gol Svita only. The affinities of the different species of these three genera with those from North America and Western Europe are debated. Stratigraphic and palaeogeographic implications are considered from their relationships.

Key words: Mammalia, Creodonta, Carnivora, Hyaenodon, Palaeogale, Amphicynodon, Systematics, Oligocene, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China.